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অধ্যায় ১৪ · Voice

Voice পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম

সহজ করে বুঝি

Voice বদলানো মানে বাক্যের নায়ক বদলে দেওয়া। ‘I eat rice’-এ নায়ক আমি; ‘Rice is eaten by me’-এ নায়ক ভাত।

পদ্ধতিটা তিন ধাপের: প্রথমে object-কে সামনে আনো, তারপর tense অনুযায়ী be verb + V3 বসাও, শেষে আগের subject-কে ‘by’ দিয়ে পেছনে পাঠাও।

একটা কথা মনে রাখো — passive করতে হলে object লাগবেই। তাই intransitive verb (sleep, go, come)-এর passive হয় না।

Tense অনুযায়ী Passive-এর গঠন

Object + be verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + V3 + by + subject
TenseActivePassive
Present IndefiniteHe does the work.The work is done by him.
Present ContinuousHe is doing it.It is being done by him.
Present PerfectHe has done it.It has been done by him.
Past IndefiniteHe did it.It was done by him.
Past ContinuousHe was doing it.It was being done by him.
Past PerfectHe had done it.It had been done by him.
Future IndefiniteHe will do it.It will be done by him.
Future PerfectHe will have done it.It will have been done by him.
ModalHe can do it.It can be done by him.

Perfect Continuous ও Future Continuous tense-এর passive সাধারণত হয় না।

বিশেষ ক্ষেত্রে Voice পরিবর্তন

ধরনActivePassive
Imperative (আদেশ)Do the work.Let the work be done.
Imperative (নিষেধ)Do not do it.Let it not be done.
Imperative (অনুরোধ)Please help me.You are requested to help me.
Interrogative (Wh-)Who did this?By whom was this done?
Interrogative (Aux)Did he do it?Was it done by him?
দুটি objectHe gave me a book.I was given a book. / A book was given to me.
InfinitiveI have to do it.It has to be done by me.

‘by’ ছাড়া অন্য preposition

কিছু passive-এ কর্তার আগে by বসে না।

  • I know him. → He is known to me. (by ✗)
  • The news pleased me. → I was pleased at the news.
  • Water fills the tank. → The tank is filled with water.
  • The result satisfied him. → He was satisfied with the result.
  • Everybody loves him. → He is loved by all. / Fire destroyed the house → The house was destroyed by fire.

নিজে চেষ্টা করো

‘Do the work.’ — এর passive কী হবে?

Voice